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The impact of automation on control testing

Aug 08, 2024 · 3 min read · AICPA & CIMA Insights Blog

审计环境涉及长达数月的劳动密集型流程,重点是降低风险. Traditional methods, involving manual testing over small sample sizes, often delay identifying potential issues and other inefficiencies.

However, 控制测试自动化(CTA)可以重新定义控制测试,并将重点从风险管理转移到价值保护和实时有效性上. CTA符合如何利用新兴技术推动行业发展的对话, as explored in the paper Control test automation: From manual testing to use of technology, co-produced by Grant Thornton and AICPA® & CIMA®.

“Now that the technology is here, 我们如何将时间点评估转变为持续监控?均富顾问有限责任公司风险咨询服务负责人Ethan Rojhani问道. “[这篇论文]开启了如何通过使用自动化和其他先进技术来迁移到更有效的测试的对话.”

Expanded population testing leads to more accurate results

Moving beyond sample-based testing, 控制测试自动化可用于评估全部人口以识别偏差. 然后,CTA可以根据可接受的故障率评估这些已知的偏差.

What’s more, full-population control testing enhances the integrity, 财务报告的质量和可靠性,与基于样本的方法相比,可以更准确地描绘实体对财务报告的内部控制情况,而基于样本的方法分析的样本量要小得多.

“A sample-based approach is very backward-looking when compared to CTA, 它能让你观察事物在系统中的移动并在它们移动时进行测试,” said Rojhani.

“When you know what’s happening for every single transaction, 作为审计师,这比传统的基于样本的方法掌握了更多的知识,” said Maria Manasses, Partner, Deputy Chief Auditor, Grant Thornton LLP and Principal, Grant Thornton Advisors LLC.

Added Manasses, 控制测试自动化不仅仅与财务报告(ICFR)的内部控制或ICFR审计相关. 它还可以涵盖对运营的控制,并帮助公司跟踪法律法规的遵守情况.

在最近于拉斯维加斯举行的ENGAGE 24会议上,Rojhani和Manasses还主持了一场关于控制测试的会议. 他们详细介绍了如何实现和测试CTA,以及如何决定哪些类型的控制需要自动化.

Moreover, 鲁哈尼讨论了向持续监测的转变如何有助于立即解决问题, 大大减少了以前分配给手动审计任务的时间和资源.

“(CTA)省去了许多人们不喜欢的审计细节,”罗哈尼补充说. “实施这种方法的组织人员流动率非常低,员工满意度非常高,因为他们把时间花在解决问题上,而不是记录问题.”

罗哈尼说,可以测试的一个限制是获取数据本身.

The shifting role of the external auditor

随着自动化的发展,外部审计人员将不得不调整他们的角色.

鲁哈尼指出,外部审计机构在接受这些变化时必须问自己几个问题. 例如:“他们是否愿意查看和使用其他人的工作作为他们审计的一部分?, and, if so, are they able to understand what’s being done? 他们对正在做的事情和解决问题的方式感到满意吗? Do they trust what was designed by the internal auditors?”

For most control testing, 外部审计员将使用他们通常用于IT一般控制的相同方法, said Manasses, but there will be additional control testing considerations.

“不同之处在于,首先要确定可接受的失败率是多少, whether that acceptable failure rate is appropriate, 审计客户做了什么来确保可接受的失败率是合适的,” she added. “Then you’ll need to evaluate the results from that perspective, 因为你现在是在分析整个人群而不再使用基于历史样本的方法,” added Manasses.

从长远来看,外部审计师的工作可能会发生巨大变化. 罗哈尼说:“如果他们愿意要求客户提供连续的数据流, 他们能否利用这些数据,将他们的思维模式从对时间点的判断转变为对全年变化的观察?”

外部审计人员必须确定他们是否愿意“随时看到所有内容,并在任何给定时间对其做出判断”.” That’s the challenging question, said Rojhani, and the paper is meant to help facilitate that discussion.

Adaptable auditors adopt automation

自动化有望重塑审计行业——适应性将是最重要的.

“我们处在一个不断变化的环境中,自动化是真实存在的,审计师可能需要以不同的方式进行审计,” said Manasses. “As clients and entities adopt control test automation, 审核员需要能够适应这种方法,并了解如何在专业标准的范围内审计这些数据. 与此同时,他们不能说,‘我还是得按传统或我的方式去做.’”

要了解自动化是否适合您和您的组织,请访问 Control test automation: From manual testing to the use of technology, which Grant Thornton and AICPA & CIMA coproduced.

“For those looking to implement automated control testing, [这篇论文]为你提供了各种考虑因素,以及如何根据可接受的失败率评估结果的方法,” said Rojhani. “For those that are auditing control test automation, [这篇论文]为如何测试CTA和使用这些结果提供了一个开放的对话和潜在的方法.”

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